In the mid 1970’s the engineers at Philips came up with the concept of a ‘compact disc’ that would replace vinyl because it was; of ‘superior’ quality, smaller, quieter (no clicks or crackles), indestructible, portable and just ‘better’. By 1982 their idea became a reality. In 1983/84 over 400,000 CD Players were sold in the US alone! This is the story of how the CD came about, the technology behind it, and the rapid development that ensued. I nominate 20 iconic CD players from across the decades.
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foreign
I was talking with the owner of a record
label recently and he was telling me
that the sale of CDs has started to go
up again and I thought well that’s great
news because I’ve always liked CDs I
didn’t like them when they first came
out but I got to like them and nowadays
you can buy them second hand for almost
nothing and it is a medium which will
basically last forever and can give a
lot of pleasure especially with the
little booklets where you can read up
about the recording engineers and the
musicians and the instruments and all
that extra metadata that yeah I was
pleasantly surprised
so I thought well maybe it’s interesting
to look at CDs CD players and make a
little three-part
video of the the story if you like so
here we are in part one where I will
share with you a little bit of
background on the development of the CD
why it was invented what were the
circumstances for hide it for the
project team
and a little bit about the launch and
then in this video I thought I would
talk about 20 classic CD players now
okay don’t don’t shoot me I’m not an
expert on this I’ve just made a
cross-section of CDs over time from the
very beginning right the way through to
the current day
and I thought well that might be
interesting enough and then in part two
I’m going to invite some people over
probably at different times and we’re
going to listen to a lot of different CD
players and try and analyze with and
answer the question could a 30 year old
CD player or even older
outperform a modern one
and that we will explore and I will use
as I say a group of people young and old
and then in part three I’m going to look
at a few of them in specific detail and
kind of do a little mini review of the
ones that I think score the best in the
in in part two and then have a little
summary in that one so so here we go
let’s get started I think we need to go
to the mid-1970s for our beginning of
our story because the engineers at
Phillips down the road here in Levin in
Belgium
had been playing with digital signal
processing and they were looking for
something to replace vinyl and weren’t
we all If we’re honest with ourselves
those of us who will have been owning
vinyl for a long time well we used to
get fed up with the crackles and pops
and the surface noise especially if
you’re unlucky enough to buy a piece of
vinyl which was a bad pressing I mean I
remember my friend buying the Paul
Simon’s still crazy after all these
years album and I bought it and his
pressing was way better than mine it
wasn’t consistent so here we were are in
mid 70s the Philips engineers
saying look how can we how can we make
something that sounds better that’s a
lot smaller so we can reduce the size of
equipment that could be portable
that would never wear out
um and obviously could withstand big
temperature changes because one of the
things is obviously in vinyl in the very
hot countries and in difficult climates
it was a no-go and also wouldn’t it be
great if you could carry it around
because the Phillips team had already
invented the cassette which was very
successful but you know just didn’t
sound good
um so they were looking for all of these
things all in one
and a guy called
York senu was heading up the Phillips
team to develop what they came the
compact disc
um and it’s quite interesting really how
these things work because apparently in
one day in one meeting they were saying
well what size should we make the hole
in the middle of the CD and he put his
hand in his pocket and he pulled out a
10 cents coin a Dutch coin and um he
said that will do make it that size and
and this is sort of how things began
well
budgets were obviously very big in those
days because By 1979
Phillips had not only developed the CD
but they’d also developed the laser
system and everything of working it out
and could actually record digital music
onto a CD and play it back and so
excitedly they had this little device
called the pink culture they shot off to
Japan to show this technology to other
manufacturers and if you look at it in
retrospect
this was I think as I say 79 they first
went there the first CD machines get
released in October and November 82.
I’ll come back to that in a minute
which is incredible if you think about
it
but in 83 84 there were 400
000 CD players sold in the United States
alone
so the opportunity was massive but
interestingly enough when Europe and his
team arrived in Japan the other big
manufacturers were not interested there
was only one who said yes yes yes will
work with you to make a global standard
and that was sunny and probably it was
because they had already started to
develop a digital recording process it
was very basic we use it videotape and
recording dots of light basically but
they had actually developed a recording
digital recording process so this was
perfect
so they obviously signed some kind of
agreements and said right let’s get to
work
Now by October
um let me just get my notes Here make
sure I don’t say anything wrong and if I
do say something wrong please say you
know I’ve been
doing some research but I’m not an
expert in this topic so forgive me if I
refer back okay so
the first CD player ever was the pink
culture which is what their nickname for
it which was a development model which
Phillips used and took with them to um
Japan
but the very first CD player itself was
a CD 100 now it was released after the
Sony player now I’ll talk about Sony
play in a minute and this is interesting
because the engineers at Phillips had
worked out how to map sort of digital
music
and they had come up with 14 bits as the
basis
and their machine had a chip that was
just 14 bits but Sony developed on their
own 16 bits now it wasn’t necessarily
because there was better quality well
there’s lots of stories about it and
some say that Sunny did it deliberately
so that they could get their product to
Market I don’t know what the truth of
these things are but the fact is that
Sony did get there first and they
released in Japan but they held back
because Sony and Phillips decided to
launch together worldwide
so the first CD player that I want to
talk about is the cd100 which finally
gets launched in November 82 and the
worldwide launch in March of 83
now this machine as you can see was a
top loading machine and Marantz launched
it as well Marantz were owned by Philips
I believe at this time I might be wrong
correct me if I’m wrong and they called
it the cd63 and Grundig released one
called the cd30 and
um so but this device had some
components from Sony in it I believe but
obviously it had the very famous cdmo
Drive which Philips very quickly when
they went into mass production updated
to this what they call the CDM one and
that was used throughout industry
um and as I say it was basically an 8 to
14 bit machine
and it had an amazing laser system and I
think we should show this here because
the laser used as little as one
milliwatt but Phillips developed this
system first of course so they developed
this laser coming up onto the disk and
there was little indentations in the
disk and these These are tiny I mean I
can’t remember exactly how it’s it’s
basically the beam focuses on something
that’s one micron wide so you know
obviously the little indentation is a
little bit wider than that to allow for
tracking so the beam goes up it hits the
disc if there’s an indentation it sends
the the beam right back down and it
reads on a photoelectric cell and that
goes on or off and the amazing thing is
that just by doing a series of on offs
you could map
all of music and you could even map the
left and right channel I find that quite
incredible to all this day so you had a
really fancy Road and stock lens it was
beautifully constructed and it was used
for a long time but then at the same
time this is the machine that Sony
released which is they called it the CDP
101 and I’m told that that’s because
they wanted to talk about ones and zeros
and they thought it was interesting to
call it the 101 it was released in Japan
in 82 October 82 and worldwide together
with Phillips in March 83. so this was a
front loader much better to put into a
rack system and interesting in those
days the DAC chips the digital audio
converting chips were so expensive
excuse me
the digital to audio conversion chips
were so expensive
that they only put one in each machine
instead of one per Channel
a 16-bit digital over sampling now
this was a nightmare for Philips and it
meant that was the reason why they had
to delay because
the CD was 16 bit on the 14-bit machine
wouldn’t work so what Philips had to do
was
urgently come up with a solution to how
to get theirs to work into 16-bit and
this is where Innovation and human
Ingenuity is so incredible you could say
it was a disaster because to produce a
new chip would have taken well months
and months which they clearly didn’t
have so the engineers found a very
clever way of saying okay what we will
do is we will work on the bit level and
we will over sample and we will sample
it up and then bring it back down to 16
bit without having to change the chip
and that was incredible and it meant
that we had two
forms of development if you like which
have continued to this day where you
have some manufacturers doing lots of
oversampling and others saying no no
let’s just try and get it read right
first time so
so there was no oversampling in the Sony
machine and the list price was about 730
dollars which is in that time was a lot
of money I mean it’s incredible and it
had a multi-pin socket on the back I
haven’t got a photograph of the actual
socket but you can see where it is and
the idea was with this multi-pin socket
was that Sony thought that maybe there
would be video coming from DVD CDs in
the future so they allowed for this to
be plugged into some kind of video
decoder but of course that never
happened so that’s kind of it and Sonia
developed their own chip in that time so
from their first meeting with Phillips
in 79 not only are they developed their
chips developed their own laser system
and their own system
and a whole machine you know it’s
incredible incredible you have to stand
back in in awe of how that how the
Japanese were able to at that time with
their skill and and project management
skills to develop something in that
period amazing now my third one is the
Marantz cd34 which came out in 1985.
now in this day there was a lot of
interchangeable parts with Philips and
actually they used to say under made in
Japan also made in Belgium because I
would think there was so much and this
had the four times over sampling because
I think it was probably still using a
14-bit chip I’m not sure about that
exactly someone can correct me
um it was a beautiful strong aluminum
chassis built to last
um you know the beginning of something
that we can recognize as a real CD
player after the Sony one
now this is another piece obviously as I
say in 83 84 there were 400 000 sold in
America alone and you can imagine that
the people at Technics
suddenly woke up and thought you know
and not just Technics course all the
other manufacturers I said right we what
are we going to do are we going to use
the CD mechanisms from Philips well they
probably weren’t available because
Philips were flat out making as many as
they possibly could so they decided to
design their own CD player bottom up and
every every component that went in the
Technics machine from mitchita was
actually developed and made by the
corporation for themselves and I just
find that wonderful they’ve come up with
a different sleeker typical Philips look
and feel and they call that the slp3 and
that came in 1985 I say and was a very
expensive machine because obviously you
think of the cost of the engineering
they weren’t just engineering you know
one component there was a whole invent
number five for me is the teac P1 D1
1987 and this kind of formed the basic
for the later esoteric models and
esoteric was the sort of very high-end
um Tea Act but in the beginning teak was
high-end and they even had the word I
think esoteric on the front now the
whole concept of this was the separate
boxes which we see today in many designs
and I will come back to them later on
and we will look at a few in in number
two and and part three as well
um and here you see they they designed
this to be vibration free they think
that vibration is a real problem and
they really want to make this thing
vibration three and it’s very very solid
and typically you can say over
engineered in many ways for the Japanese
but this is early days right
so number six is the Sony CDP
x7es now I’m spelling that one out fully
it comes we’re in 1989 now
and this has to be in a way the Rolls
Royce of CD players and I think if you
own one of these now you’re a very lucky
person these are very very expensive
today on the second hand Market
there are a few others that are a little
bit a little bit more expensive excuse
me
but this this one is really incredible
look inside it the copper line the whole
system they separate the power supplies
they have their own dedicated
Transformers you see them digital for
just for the digital circuits they’re
here they’re saying what can we do to
make it better and every single
component has been looked at and and
optimized probably regardless of whether
it makes us an audible sound Improvement
they just think well if we make this
thing perfect
then it can’t sound worse right
so this was their Flagship model and it
had a really a sort of metal beam
structure for the chassis to make it
really solid and one very very
interesting point it had balanced
outputs in 1989 balanced outputs I don’t
think anyone would have been using them
in those days but it was foreseen and
it’d be very interesting today to
actually have one of these things and
try it out and see how the ballast
outputs work
number seven from 1990 we’ve moved ahead
a little bit now to the Meridian 206.
this I think was really really ahead of
its time I mean when you when you look
at the the design of this thing with its
two separate chassis and the DAC and the
electronics and one for the mechanism I
love this you know he said the DAC and
the electronics in one box the mechanism
in the other and they used what they
called there was a firm called Crystal I
don’t know if they exist still and they
had a bit stream chip and they use for
this and these these units could be
bolted together it was very very
Innovative work although a bit crude I
think compared to some of the designs
we’ve seen before I mean crude in terms
of you know the look and the feel of of
the of the finish on the outside but a
very capable machine
um so that was that was the the Meridian
now we’re on to the Yamaha number eight
and this is now
1991. okay
and the Yamaha called this monster the
GT cd1 well cd1 is obvious GT doesn’t
mean Grand tourismo no no no no no no
this means
gigantic and tremendous I mean
that’s hilarious right but
if you look at it
it’s probably the most beautiful CD
player ever made right
and it was built on a non-floating rigid
structure so the whole of this structure
was about solidity Mass
no vibrations I mean where have we heard
this before I mean this is all coming
from turntable uh ethos isn’t it it used
a three-beam laser so the first CD
players were using one single beam but
they worked out with us three beams they
could work out the positioning of the
laser and also you know back Skip and do
all the other things because you know
when you have to go back it’s a bad bit
of CD a bit of dirt they can back Skip
and pick up the data from somewhere else
put it in so there was a advantages in
going to three beams and this one
certainly had it
at a high torque brushless motor where
did we hear about this before
turntable technology of course and it
had again balanced and RCA outputs what
did it weigh 24 kilos I mean that is a
bag of cement it’s incredible so it’s a
beautiful looking thing though I mean I
would I would like to have one I think
it would be nice if we could make a pair
of sibelius speakers to match the
woodwork a really beautiful thing so my
number nine is the Denon
dps1 another gargantuan giganticum
machine it’s a it’s from 1993 it’s a
transport and they have a separate DAC
now the transport weighs 17 kilos and
attack weight 20 so you’re 37 kilos of
Technology here
um it’s again designed to eliminate
vibration which they thought was the the
enemy of the CD
um the sandcast alloy chassis and
constructions five digital outputs which
it had coaxial toss AES BNC Optical St I
mean brilliant I mean it was really
moved forwards the CD mechanism was
built by a company called Victor and it
used the same one as the previous Yamaha
it was they shared the same one
obviously this was a piece of
engineering a wonderful piece of
engineering
but now I want to move to 1993.
and the complete antithesis of what
we’ve seen recently
for my number 10 it’s the quad cd67
now this is typical quad British
understatement there’s no buttons or
controls at all on this device there is
actually a secret little button just in
the front underneath where you can push
to switch it on and the little black
triangle area is actually to if you push
that you can eject the CD and put it
back in why is that it’s because
basically
um Patrick Walker didn’t what Peter
Walker didn’t want dirty finger marks
all over his nice equipment so he
designed remote controls for all of that
process but in theory you could put the
CD in and you could close the door and
that was it
now the in why do I list this one here
because it’s small it’s not particularly
heavy and at the time it got rave
reviews for its sound quality they were
saying things about how natural and and
sounding it was today we would say it
was very vinyl sounding it was they say
it was smooth and the mid-range and the
voices were lovely
um and and there was much less talk
about the technology although they had
brought out a CD player before I think
in 1989 if I’m remember correctly and it
looked exactly the same as this and it
was called the cd66
um and that basically had all Philips
interior workings but by now they
developed all their own Electronics
still using the Philips machine
there’ll be the mechanics but the
electronics was 16 times over sampling
they had actually done sorry not 16. 64
times over sampling of course an 18-bit
streaming they were able to cable with
and the total harmonic distortion on the
on this machine was probably just as
good as any other at zero zero zero two
zero zero two
um the crosstalk was incredible figures
because everybody liked looking at
figures and comparing figures it was
more than 100 DB I mean it was basically
unmeasurable and it had just it was
considered and still is considered by
many to be one of the best sounding CD
players ever and I’ve got one so I’m
going to bring it over to the Listening
Room and when we have the sessions for
part two I’m going to put that with some
of the other machines just to see if
it’s true maybe maybe it’s not
foreign
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number 11 is Cyrus now the I put these
two together because they both came out
very similar the Cyrus made their first
CD in 1994 and Cyrus were based in
Huntington and sober quad they were both
based in Huntington which is a town sort
of near Cambridge in the UK
and
Cyrus were owned by Mission and you know
Mission from their white fronted
loudspeakers they’re famous loudspeakers
Mission Electronics
brought out a brand called Cyrus and
they made these lovely what I call half
width machines CD players and and
amplifiers and of course when I first
saw them I thought they can’t be serious
amplifiers they’re too small but of
course Cyrus is a very serious company
who made great equipment and I’ve got in
touch with them and they’ve brought me
over some of their more recent machines
and those are some of the ones we’re
going to look at in number in in two and
part three as well so
it’s a top loader of course this very
first one and interestingly enough it
has an external power supply and that’s
why I’ve included it because Cyrus
really believe that taking all the power
supply out of these machines makes them
much quieter and they use go for what
they call first time right you know read
it right and that’s what they want to do
and they’re still working to that
philosophy today which is great I was
talking to Surrey one of the r d
Engineers from them but more for that in
part three
so you know they used the the in the
first one the CDM uh from Philips the
machine the version nine uh the
mechanics and why not it was considered
an industry uh standard by then
Now for Something
Completely Different
um number 12 is the Bo sound 9000 and it
came out in 1996.
and look at it
it’s
wonderful now it’s very in your face
it’s very I I see it as Scandinavian and
it’s a sort of you imagine white walled
interiors and very sort of sleek
furniture and yeah I don’t know wooden
floors and and it was designed by a guy
called David Lewis and it was launched
in 96 as I say and it has this Sledge on
it that could move across and pick up to
go to the CD and let the CD Spin and
play the CD along and it could be
displayed sort of vertically
horizontally I’m told it could be
mounted in eight different ways goodness
knows how that was or how it worked but
you know was it design visual design
over technology I don’t know but I have
a sneaking suspicion that because it was
a CD it probably sounded pretty good
maybe as good as any other but we will
find out in part three in part two sorry
what the difference is in sound between
these machines
if I don’t get a bno at least we can
compare with very different types of
machines
for number 13 we have the Riga planet
now this is an interesting one because
it came out in 1997. and Riga had been
making their planar planar turntables
for a long time and they were very very
late coming to the CD world and if you
think about it and if you think about
the owner and designer for the business
Roy Gandhi and how serious he was about
vinyl he didn’t actually like CDs when
they first came out and a lot of us
didn’t either
and I think that’s why he delayed and he
was watching and looking and listening
at what everybody else was doing and at
a certain point he must have thought to
himself you know what I can do better
than that and what I’m going to do is
I’m going to bring a CD player to Market
that will be reliable
that will sound really really good
and it won’t be too expensive it won’t
be ridiculous money
and so they were reluctant late adopters
I think
um but there’s nice little touches about
it like in the top there was a clear
it’s top loader of course you can see in
the picture here but there was a quite a
clear vinyl
cover so you could see the CD in it I
mean how many times
how many times have you one you see
there’s a CD in the in your player but
you don’t know and you can see oh it’s
got 14 tracks so oh yeah it might be
Beatles please please me so you know Roy
had seen that he thought no let’s make
the experience as close to a turntable
experience as possible so you push a
button at the top nicely lifts up it
comes up nicely you put the CD on and
the top goes down nice and gently and
clicks into position
beautifully done
um all damped and then he worked with
Burr Brown the chip people to to come up
with something really really nice and
they came up with a something that I
thought that he thought would
um be good value for money as I say and
and just sound great and work for year
upon year upon year
so
let’s take a little pause here just to
move forwards 20 years
because we could look at every single
CD player that was invented and there
was so many in that 20 years that we now
move right the way forward to 2016 or
thereabouts and back to quad let’s see
what quad we’re doing from the Sleek
very plain 67 looking machine they come
out with something called the artera
play now I’ve chosen this because I I
have one at home in my one of my
listening rooms at home and
I find it a really good machine I’ve got
the play plus and this is just the
standard one came out and they used the
saber DAC
from ESS saber it’s a very famous deck
for those of you who are interested in
the numbers it’s an
es9018 Dag it was 32 bits of 384
kilohertz so now we’re going right up
from the 14 bits of Phillips to 38
potentials and it can go all the way up
to
dsd256 a digital inputs it had optical
of course outputs it got the RCA outputs
got balanced outputs just like those
machines from a long time early but by
now in 2016 balance is beginning to take
off
um digital outputs you know it’s it’s
just a very very nicely made machine but
it’s basically a pre-amplifier and I
like that because the early machines
like the the Sony X7 series
had variable outputs they put in
variable outputs and that meant you
could connect directly
to a power amplifier if you wanted to or
at least you could
when you plug them into a pre-amplifier
you could balance the the sound level so
it matched your turntable or matched
your tuner or your reel-to-reel tape
machine or your cassette machine so when
you switched from one medium to another
you didn’t have these massive changes in
volume I like that I like that and
you’ll see in the one of the later in in
part two and part three I’ve chosen a
project
um
CD player to to look at because it
matches has a very dedicated preamp
which also has a variable output and
it’s very useful for that purpose
so let’s get back to this one number 15
is the Griffon ethos CD player da
processor I mean look at Griffon I mean
they I have a reputation for being not
just outrageously expensive which they
are I mean this is I think 39
000 this this CD player it’s an
incredible amount of money I might be
wrong but it’s a lot of money but they
take great pride in building something
to the Perfection level and something
that is stylistically unique when you
see a griffon product you know
immediately that’s what it is and people
were very proudly buy these because why
shouldn’t they if they have the money
and they want to do this
um this is something that sits in your
room forever now they use in this device
not their own um
see the reading mechanism but they use
one from a company called streaming
unlimited and they’re from Austria and
it’s it’s this this player is obviously
dual mono Class A out
um and as I say it’s an extremely
expensive machine
um but it’s followed
by my number 16 which is the project CD
box
rs2t and this is just a transport it’s a
typical little project a little box as
you see the square box shape aluminum
also made in Austria
um
and it uses exactly the same mechanism
as that Griffon it uses the CD Pro 8
from the same company with the blue
tiger CD 84 Servo board so technically
the workings of that transport are the
same as the Griffin
it has i2s Master Clock syncing with its
a pre-amplifier of course and the DAC so
that you the DAC can can link and clock
and control everything so has an
external power supply like the rigas do
and it’s sorry the Cyrus uh so not rigor
Cyrus and
it may not look impressive but
technically it should sound really
impressive and that’s what we’re going
to find out in part two and maybe again
in part three you know so that is it
this is the way it works is it that’s my
project
and now for number 17 is the latest
Cyrus because I think it’s interesting
to see how they evolved over the years
because there’s not so many companies
where you can see this fact that they’ve
stuck to their guns you know okay now
it’s front loaded
um again they have the same philosophy
keep the power supply outside you you
can plug in a power but
use an external power supply and they
have it’s not just one voltage going in
they have different voltages going into
the the different components and I think
it’s a very interesting approach and I’m
looking forward to listening to One
um it arrived this morning so it’s again
twin analog outputs all the rest of it
the sort of things that you would expect
and you can see that the design hasn’t
changed massively over the years and
it’s so typically Cyrus
now it’s it’s competitor it’s British
competitor for my number 18. we’ve got
the Riga Saturn it’s come out this year
I believe
2023 20.
um it’s the Mark III Saturn using a dual
woolston deck um it looks lovely and the
the quality of the chassis is fabulous
so I think it’s going to be a very
interesting thing to sort of compare
this with with the Cyrus products
um you know all the usual
features that you would expect in a
modern in modern player
now I’m going to set the cat amongst the
pigeons so if you don’t mind that
expression
because we’ve seen some very very very
expensive machines
and I just want to put some balance in
here
and today I’m going to show you a
picture of a machine that you’re
probably not even considered I’ve never
seen one before but I ordered one today
just before coming into the studio to
make this video and it’s my number 19
it’s a Phillips
t-a-e-p-200 I thought it would be
interesting to compare where Philips are
today
compared to one of the first or the very
first Phillips model and I’ve got a very
early Philips machine coming to The
Listening Room in the next few days now
this Philips taep 200 is actually a DVD
player but it has analog out and it has
coax out
and I’m just wondering how good it can
sound it has a remote control and it
costs
49 euros
including delivery so it’s going to be
delivered tomorrow to my house
for 49 euros is it possible that this
machine could sound anywhere near the
modern machines
now I don’t want to upset anybody but I
just think it’s an interesting question
that deserves an answer because if
you’re a student and you’ve got no money
and you want to listen to great music
buying one of them ease machines you can
also play DVDs from your dad’s DVD
collection you can get you see these as
I say from the second hand shop or
whatever or borrow them from your dad
and you theoretically you might well be
able to hear something which for a
reasonably good or very good quality for
a very low price but we will see maybe
it’s a complete disaster
so my last one
um is a sunny Walkman Discman now this
is the thing that’s interesting
this is one of the latest models or the
later models I bought it secondhand on
eBay again for 25 Euros
and you think well why am I as a serious
hi-fi
freak even thinking about talking about
this well the reason is simple
the moment that Phillips thought of the
CD think of the pink culture the early
little demo they wanted something small
but they wanted something mobile
and they immediately started designing a
CD player that could withstand being
shaken
whilst playing
so all of the machines that we’ve seen
where they’re talking about
anti-vibration all of these things to
Make a Better Sound well this machine
and I’ve tried it it has a line out I
can play it and I can shake it like this
and it will keep playing
now I’m not going to talk about how it
sounds except for the say it wasn’t bad
until the next one because I want my
panel to listen and make a decision for
themselves but it just shows you that in
1984
one year after the first CD player came
out they launched their first one it
didn’t look quite like this but we got a
picture of it we’ll show it to you
and the idea was to make something as I
say that you could shake go off jogging
with
and play and the interesting thing is
because this one has a line out as well
okay it’s a it’s a small Jack you can
play it plug it into your Hi-Fi system
which would also be another solution for
students and people with not much room
so that’s my very very last one you
might think it’s a bit of a joke they
made the last Walkman or Discman in um
year 2000 but I hope you’ve enjoyed this
as I say it’s not a
a complete list by any sense and maybe
I’ve missed something which is so
obvious and please let me know in the
comments but I hope you enjoyed it and
I look forward to you joining me for
part two where we will start comparing
and answering that question can a 30
year old machine sound as good as the
best ones how would this for example
compare with a really good modern
machine
um and my listening panel what models
would they choose to take home with them
so until then
Enjoy your music
foreign
[Music]
foreign
[Music]